Politics
Russian Combat Training: Quantity Versus Quality
Reading Time: 4 minutesIn an interview with the defense ministry publication Krasnaya Zvezda, Major-General Aleksandr Zhuravlev the Commander of the 2nd Combined Arms Army (CAA: headquarters in Samara) outlined the challenges his forces will face during Tsentr 2011
In an interview with the defense ministry publication Krasnaya Zvezda, Major-General Aleksandr Zhuravlev the Commander of the 2nd Combined Arms Army (CAA: headquarters in Samara) outlined the challenges his forces will face during Tsentr 2011. This operational-strategic exercise will be the main test for the Central Military District (MD) and much of the battalion and brigade level training is geared towards ensuring its “success.” Explaining that training has intensified by 1.5 times compared with the same period in 2010, Zhuravlev stated that the training of staffs and subunits within the brigades will focus upon bringing them to the highest level of combat readiness, advancing to loading areas and organizing the rehearsal of combat operations (Krasnaya Zvezda, http://www.redstar.ru/2011/05/12_05/2_01.html, May 12).
The functioning of the joint strategic command as well as the three-echelon command and control system will be tested and refined. Planning for the exercise drew upon the experience of Vostok 2010, and according to Zhuravlev, command and control will be perfected by September 2011 at army-brigade and military district-army levels. The 2nd CAA commander stressed that the primary concern is training officers, principally artillery, missile and air defense personnel and specialists in electronic warfare, radiation, chemical and biological warfare, while also selecting candidates for contract service sergeants (Krasnaya Zvezda, May 12).
Major-General Vasily Tonkoshkurov, the Commander of the 41st CAA (Novosibirsk) is more circumspect. Krasnaya Zvezda has profiled the training of tank crews within the 41st CAA motorized rifle brigades on training ranges in western Siberia. A number of officers drawn from these T-72 tank crews gathered in the officers club in Novosibirsk to hear a summary of their progress delivered by General Tonkoshkurov. However, the commander justified the need for a principled analysis of standard firing to identify the best crews and expose shortcomings and “errors in judgment” in these training exercises. Focusing on the latter, Colonel Cornelia Babiy the Chief of the Combat Training Department in the 41st CAA pointed out serious errors committed by soldiers and sergeants in firing from guns and the PKT machine guns. These included the failure of tank commanders to issue target designations to gunners to destroy targets on the battlefield; commanders remained silent after observing rounds being undershot or overshot and offered no corrections. Babiy also indicated that a number of servicemen were too late in firing the first round against a gunnery target, noting that the enemy is not expected to wait for Russian tank crews to open fire. Many tank snipers were found to destroy an enemy armored vehicle after discharging three rounds, though the number of snipers who fired twice with any degree of precision “could be counted on one hand.” Babiy complained that crews were inadequately trained in eliminating delays to firing (Krasnaya Zvezda, http://www.redstar.ru/2011/05/18_05/2_03.html, May 18, http://www.redstar.ru/2011/03/26_03/2_01.html, March 26).
Prizes were distributed to the best servicemen among the leading tank crews, based on achieving “the goal of the standard firing.” Training has been stepped up, aiming at conducting live fire practice twice weekly including one at night and 150 hours of training are devoted to standard firing, yet serious underlying issues remain unaddressed. Krasnaya Zvezda’s correspondent Tara Rudyk asked how high is the standard of combat training. The level of tank crew proficiency attained was only a “three” which is the lowest mark assigned to the satisfactory category, which the majority of the tank crews are unable to achieve (Krasnaya Zvezda, May 18).
Major-General Yury Stavitskiy, the Commander of the Engineering Troops, also notes problems associated with reforming the armed forces, both structurally and in terms of equipment. Stavitskiy emphasized that the engineering troops are in a transition period, as they switch to a brigade-based structure. In the future engineering brigades will be formed within each of the four MD’s though they currently function in regiments. Some new equipment has reached the engineering troops, including obstacle clearance, demolition and railroad building hardware. Officers in the engineering troops are trained in the Combined-Arms Academy in Moscow and at the Tyumen and Nizhniy Novgorod Military Institutes of the Engineering Troops. In Nizhniy Novgorod, ten-month courses for sergeants prepare specialists and technicians in subunits. In August 2010, secondary vocational training programs were launched in Tyumen, lasting two to ten months, to train sergeants for commanding engineering platoons. In December 2010, a new three-month course was initiated in Tyumen to train conscripts for the posts of commanders of engineering teams. Junior specialists are trained at the inter-branch regional training centers of the Engineering Troops (in the Volgograd Oblast and Khabarovsk Krai) in three-month courses organized in 19 specialties –including the commanders of controlled mining teams and field water supply teams, drivers of various types of engineering vehicles, excavator operators, crane operators (Nezavisimoye Voyennoye Obozreniye, March 17).
Stavitskiy highlighted key problems facing the engineering troops; foremost among these is the supply of new hardware. The new self-propelled fleet-2005 (novyy samokhodnyy park-2005), MTU-90 bridge layers, and the TMM heavy mechanized bridge with improved characteristics are still to be introduced. New road building machines, obstacle clearing and reconnaissance vehicles will also be procured, but the challenge is fitting these subsystems into the planned automated command and control system. In other words, the greatest problem will be systems integration (Nezavisimoye Voyennoye Obozreniye, March 17).
Nonetheless, the weaknesses of Russian combat training run much deeper. General Zhuravlev alluded to this when he observed that ahead of Tsentr 2011 a portion of conscript soldiers and sergeants will be discharged and that fresh conscripts will participate in the exercise. Agreement has been reached between the military commissars and the General Staff elements overseeing the exercise to ensure that conscripts arrive immediately at units and formations to begin their training (Krasnaya Zvezda, May 12).
The “new look” brigades mix contract and conscript personnel, which limits their operational capability and deployment options. Paradoxically, having abandoned the cadre or “skeleton units” the defense ministry has opted for a force structure that merely mimics “permanent readiness.” In addition to resistance among the top brass to new approaches to warfare, combat training concentrates on quantity rather than quality, while the biannual hemorrhaging of the majority of personnel from the units prevents time-phased approaches to combat training and reduces its institutional memory. Devising innovative approaches to combat training is clearly necessary, though its potential will be hampered until the issues of recruitment and retention are resolved.
A new football club has earned a leading place in the UEFA Champions League groups and starred in the headlines of worldwide football news yesterday. The Football Club Sheriff Tiraspol claimed a win with the score 2-1 against Real Madrid on the Santiago Bernabeu Stadium in Madrid. That made Sheriff Tiraspol the leader in Group D of the Champions League, including the football club in the groups of the most important European interclub competition for the first time ever.
International media outlets called it a miracle, a shock and a historic event, while strongly emphasizing the origin of the team and the existing political conflict between the two banks of the Dniester. “Football club from a pro-Russian separatist enclave in Moldova pulls off one of the greatest upsets in Champions League history,” claimed the news portals. “Sheriff crushed Real!” they said.
Moldovans made a big fuss out of it on social media, splitting into two groups: those who praised the team and the Republic of Moldova for making history and those who declared that the football club and their merits belong to Transnistria – a problematic breakaway region that claims to be a separate country.
Both groups are right and not right at the same time, as there is a bunch of ethical, political, social and practical matters that need to be considered.
Is it Moldova?
First of all, every Moldovan either from the right or left bank of Dniester (Transnistria) is free to identify himself with this achievement or not to do so, said Vitalie Spranceana, a sociologist, blogger, journalist and urban activist. According to him, boycotting the football club for being a separatist team is wrong.
At the same time, “it’s an illusion to think that territory matters when it comes to football clubs,” Spranceana claimed. “Big teams, the ones included in the Champions League, have long lost their connection both with the countries in which they operate, and with the cities in which they appeared and to which they linked their history. […] In the age of globalized commercial football, teams, including the so-called local ones, are nothing more than global traveling commercial circuses, incidentally linked to cities, but more closely linked to all sorts of dirty, semi-dirty and cleaner cash flows.”
What is more important in this case is the consistency, not so much of citizens, as of politicians from the government who have “no right to celebrate the success of separatism,” as they represent “the national interests, not the personal or collective pleasures of certain segments of the population,” believes the political expert Dionis Cenusa. The victory of FC Sheriff encourages Transnistrian separatism, which receives validation now, he also stated.
“I don’t know how it happens that the “proud Moldovans who chose democracy”, in their enthusiasm for Sheriff Tiraspol’s victory over Real Madrid, forget the need for total and unconditional withdrawal of Russian troops from Transnistria!” declared the journalist Vitalie Ciobanu.
Nowadays, FC Sheriff Tiraspol has no other choice than to represent Moldova internationally. For many years, the team used the Moldovan Football Federation in order to be able to participate in championships, including international ones. That is because the region remains unrecognised by the international community. However, the club’s victory is presented as that of Transnistria within the region, without any reference to the Republic of Moldova, its separatist character being applied in this case especially.
Is it a victory?
In fact, FC Sheriff Tiraspol joining the Champions League is a huge image breakthrough for the Transnistrian region, as the journalist Madalin Necsutu claimed. It is the success of the Tiraspol Club oligarchic patrons. From the practical point of view, FC Sheriff Tiraspol is a sports entity that serves its own interests and the interests of its owners, being dependent on the money invested by Tiraspol (but not only) oligarchs.
Here comes the real dilemma: the Transnistrian team, which is generously funded by money received from corruption schemes and money laundering, is waging an unequal fight with the rest of the Moldovan football clubs, the journalist also declared. The Tiraspol team is about to raise 15.6 million euro for reaching the Champions League groups and the amounts increase depending on their future performance. According to Necsutu, these money will go directly on the account of the club, not to the Moldovan Football Federation, creating an even bigger gab between FC Sheriff and other football clubs from Moldova who have much more modest financial possibilities.
“I do not see anything useful for Moldovan football, not a single Moldovan player is part of FC Sheriff Tiraspol. I do not see anything beneficial for the Moldovan Football Federation or any national team.”
Is it only about football?
FC Sheriff Tiraspol, with a total estimated value of 12.8 million euros, is controlled by Victor Gusan and Ilya Kazmala, being part of Sheriff Holding – a company that controls the trade of wholesale, retail food, fuels and medicine by having monopolies on these markets in Transnistria. The holding carries out car trading activities, but also operates in the field of construction and real estate. Gusan’s people also hold all of the main leadership offices in the breakaway region, from Parliament to the Prime Minister’s seat or the Presidency.
The football club is supported by a holding alleged of smuggling, corruption, money laundering and organised crime. Moldovan media outlets published investigations about the signals regarding the Sheriff’s holding involvement in the vote mobilization and remuneration of citizens on the left bank of the Dniester who participated in the snap parliamentary elections this summer and who were eager to vote for the pro-Russian socialist-communist bloc.
Considering the above, there is a great probability that the Republic of Moldova will still be represented by a football club that is not identified as being Moldovan, being funded from obscure money, growing in power and promoting the Transnistrian conflict in the future as well.
Photo: unknown
Prime Minister of the Republic of Moldova, Natalia Gavrilita, together with Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Nicu Popescu, pay an official visit to Brussels, between September 27-28, being invited by High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Josep Borrell Fontelles.
Today, Prime Minister had a meeting with Charles Michel, President of the European Council. The Moldovan PM thanked the senior European official for the support of the institution in strengthening democratic processes, reforming the judiciary and state institutions, economic recovery and job creation, as well as increasing citizens’ welfare. Natalia Gavrilita expressed her confidence that the current visit laid the foundations for boosting relations between the Republic of Moldova and the European Union, so that, in the next period, it would be possible to advance high-level dialogues on security, justice and energy. Officials also exchanged views on priorities for the Eastern Partnership Summit, to be held in December.
“The EU is open to continue to support the Republic of Moldova and the ambitious reform agenda it proposes. Moldova is an important and priority partner for us,” said Charles Michel.
Prime Minister Natalia Gavrilita also met with Paolo Gentiloni, European Commissioner for Economy, expressing her gratitude for the support received through the OMNIBUS macro-financial assistance program. The two officials discussed the need to advance the recovery of money from bank fraud, to strengthen sustainable mechanisms for supporting small and medium-sized enterprises in Moldova, and to standardize the customs and taxes as one of the main conditions for deepening cooperation with the EU in this field.
Additionally, Prime Minister spoke about the importance of the Eastern Partnership and the Deep Free Trade Agreement, noting that the Government’s policies are aimed at developing an economic model aligned with the European economic model, focused on digitalization, energy efficiency and the green economy.
A common press release of the Moldovan Prime Minister with High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy/Vice-President of the Commission, Josep Borrell Fontelles, took place today, where the agenda of Moldova’s reforms and the main priorities to focus on in the coming months were presented: judiciary reform; fighting COVID-19 pandemic; promoting economic recovery and conditions for growth and job creation; strengthening state institutions and resilience of the country.
“I am here to relaunch the dialogue between my country and the European Union. Our partnership is strong, but I believe there is room for even deeper cooperation and stronger political, economic and sectoral ties. I am convinced that this partnership is the key to the prosperity of our country and I hope that we will continue to strengthen cooperation.”
The Moldovan delegation met Didier Reynders, European Commissioner for Justice. Tomorrow, there are scheduled common meetings with Oliver Varhelyi, European Commissioner for Neighborhood and Enlargement, Adina Valean, European Commissioner for Transport and Kadri Simson, European Commissioner for Energy.
Prime Minister will also attend a public event, along with Katarina Mathernova, Deputy Director-General for Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations.
Photo: gov.md
Politics
Promo-LEX about Maia Sandu’s UN speech: The president must insist on appointing a rapporteur to monitor the situation of human rights in Transnistria
The President of the Republic of Moldova, Maia Sandu, pays an official visit to New York, USA, between September 21-22. There, she participates in the work of the United Nations General Assembly. According to a press release of the President’s Office, the official will deliver a speech at the tribune of the United Nations.
In this context, the Promo-LEX Association suggested the president to request the appointment of a special rapporteur in order to monitor the situation of human rights in the Transnistrian region. According to Promo-LEX, the responsibility for human rights violations in the Transnistrian region arises as a result of the Russian Federation’s military, economic and political control over the Tiraspol regime.
“We consider it imperative to insist on the observance of the international commitments assumed by the Russian Federation regarding the withdrawal of the armed forces and ammunition from the territory of the country,” the representatives of Promo-LEX stated. They consider the speech before the UN an opportunity “to demand the observance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the Russian Federation with reference to this territory which is in its full control.”
“It is important to remember about the numerous cases of murder, torture, ill-treatment, forced enlistment in illegal military structures, the application of pseudo-justice in the Transnistrian region, all carried out under the tacit agreement of the Russian Federation. These findings stem from dozens of rulings and decisions issued by the European Court of Human Rights, which found that Russia is responsible for human rights violations in the region.”
The association representatives expressed their hope that the president of the country would give priority to issues related to the human rights situation in the Transnistrian region and would call on relevant international actors to contribute to guaranteeing fundamental human rights and freedoms throughout Moldova.
They asked Maia Sandu to insist on the observance of the obligation to evacuate the ammunition and the military units of the Russian Federation from the territory of the Republic of Moldova, to publicly support the need for the Russian Federation to implement the ECtHR rulings on human rights violations in the Transnistrian region, and to request the appointment of an UN Human Rights Council special rapporteur to monitor the human rights situation in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova.
**
The Promo-LEX Association concluded that 14 out of 25 actions planned within the National Action Plan for the years 2018–2022 concerning respecting human rights in Transnistria were not carried out by the responsible authorities.
The association expressed its concern and mentioned that there are a large number of delays in the planned results. “There is a lack of communication and coordination between the designated institutions, which do not yet have a common vision of interaction for the implementation of the plan.”
Promo-LEX requested the Government of the Republic of Moldova to re-assess the reported activities and to take urgent measures, “which would exclude superficial implementation of future activities and increase the level of accountability of the authorities.”
Photo: peacekeeping.un.org
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